What is Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)? How does it differ from and relate to Good Distribution Practice (GDP)?

Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is a set of mandatory standards applicable throughout the medicine manufacturing process. It aims to ensure the consistent production of medicines that meet quality standards and regulatory requirements by strictly controlling key factors such as personnel, premises, equipment, materials, methods and the environment. Good Distribution Practice (GDP), by contrast, focuses on the supply chain after medicines leave the production line, including procurement, storage, transport and distribution. In brief, GMP governs “manufacture” and ensures products are “manufactured to the required standard”; GDP governs “distribution” and ensures that product quality does not deteriorate before compliant products reach the end user. Together, they form an integrated quality assurance system for medicines from the beginning to the end of the supply chain; both are closely linked and indispensable.